EU bank regulation should be applied consistently on a proportionate basis that reflects the size and business model of the banks being regulated.

The International Chamber of Commerce's banking commission is working to maintain a dialogue between banks, clients and regulators on keeping credit flowing to the real economy.

Psychometric testing could help boost financial inclusion by providing an alternative method of predicting the willingness to repay among borrowers with no credit history, according to Daniel Schydlowsky of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.

A tougher regulatory approach to individual responsibility for anti-money laundering controls could put compliance professionals in a difficult dilemma if they do not have the support of their senior executives.

An enhanced regulatory discipline recalibrated almost two years ago, conduct risk has served as a point of confusion for firms due to the lack of prescriptive guidelines provided by the regulator. However, this is no excuse for ignoring the issue.

Secondments would provide regulators with greater expertise, but potential conflicts of interest must be carefully handled.

Financing an infrastructure project in Africa is not for the faint-hearted, but the continent is looking for alternative ways to fill the shortfall of funding available from global banks, writes Musonda Chibwe Kapotwe of Citigroup.

The netting of swap payments against variation margin would reduce liquidity requirements in cleared transactions, according to clearing house risk expert Stephen Elliott.