Crédit Agricole leveraged its unusual model to launch a dollar-denominated perpetual worth €4.75bn. 

UniCredit's restructuring programme has paid off, enabling the Italian bank to return to the market with a handful of regulatory capital deals.

While Belgium's economy is thriving, supporting its complex regional make-up has driven up debt levels. To this end, the country's debt agency recently launched two long bonds.

Netherlands-based Takeaway.com has been on an acquisition spree around Europe. The Banker looks at its use of the debt and equity markets to finance this activity.

Dutch utility company Gasunie used its strong credit rating as a springboard to returning to the market with €300m bond issue in collaboration with ING, ABN Amro and Rabobank. David Wigan reports.

Market researcher Ipsos made its markets debut with a €300m issue, funding the acquisition of a stake in one of its rivals. David Wigan reports.

Czech energy company Net4Gas's unusual exchange deal held a special appeal for local investors. 

Financial analyst IHS Markit chose a quiet time to issue the bond that will bankroll its expansion strategy. David Wigan reports.

Spain’s second 10-year bond deal of 2018 defied political turbulence both at home and abroad in neighbouring Italy. David Wigan reports.

After its acquisition of mall operator Westfield, Unibail-Rodamco raised €5bn from a bond issuance as part of its asset-disposal plan to pay off debts. David Wigan reports.