A debt bond issue made sense for UK budget airline easyJet to diversify funding away from aircraft leasing, but markets were experiencing turbulence in early 2016. Joanne Hart looks at how the company fared in the debt capital markets.

Ireland endured a torrid few years after its 2010 banking crisis, but with much painful restructuring completed the sovereign is active again in the markets and kicked off 2016 with the eurozone’s first syndicated transaction of the year. 

Barclays has gone to the market in search of more capital as the total loss-absorbing capacity standards weigh on the banking industry. 

Political and economic instability have kept Pakistan out of the bond markets for the best part of the past decade. However, with the reform-minded Nawaz Sharif government instilling confidence in investors, Citi has helped to facilitate the country's return to the markets.

Ghana has overcome delays and disruptive economic conditions to issue the longest ever sub-Saharan African Eurobond. 

Merck’s acquisition of fellow pharmaceuticals group Sigma-Aldrich required a great deal of forward planning and the nerve to be the first transaction after the summer break without a roadshow.

German bank KfW's transparency and impact-measurement programme when it comes to green bonds have set it apart in the euro, US dollar and Australian dollar markets. Given this success, it extended its remit to the quieter sterling market in July, with impressive results.

Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena found itself in a tight spot when forced to issue extra capital after poor stress test results, but a strenuous roadshow and a heavy discount for existing shareholders saw the lender's hard work pay off.

University College, one of oldest colleges at Oxford University, has taken advantage of the near-zero rate environment to issue the lowest-yielding university bond ever recorded.