Active in 23 countries, the UK’s Tullow Oil is now targeting the African market, a policy which took a huge leap forward in January with its $1.5bn purchase of Heritage Oil’s Ugandan assets, the funds for which were raised by an accelerated bookbuild that was completed in just over a week.
In demand: Gazprom's headquarters in MoscowGazprom, one of the world's largest energy companies, has responded to its downgraded ratings with an ambitious issue of commercial paper in western Europe. The surprising outcome may have implications for years to come. Writer Edward Russell-Walling
Jean-Baptiste Pons, EADS head of corporate finance and treasuryIt is unusual to issue bonds in August, when many investors are on holiday. However, when European aerospace corporation EADS issued paper worth €1bn last month, common logic was defied in style. Writer Edward Russell-Walling
On a high: Enel chief risk officer Claudio MachettiThe past 24 months have seen Italian energy provider Enel acquire Spanish counterpart Endesa, face threats of a credit downgrade from Standard & Poor's, and launch a successful €8bn rights issue, the largest ever by an Italian company. Writer Edward Russell-Walling